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Which piston size should you choose?
The choice of size depends on the condition of the cylinder or liner. A precise measurement must be carried out in the workshop before any order, in order to check the wear, ovality and taper of the bore.
Standard size STD: to be used when the bore is within manufacturer tolerances or when replacing a cylinder liner with a new one.
Repair oversize +0.25 mm: suitable after light reboring, when wear exceeds tolerances but remains limited.
Repair oversize +0.50 mm: used after more significant reboring, generally following advanced wear, scoring or the beginning of piston seizure.
Important: old inch designations, such as +0.010" or +0.020", often correspond to repair oversizes close to +0.25 mm and +0.50 mm. Always check the exact correspondence indicated by the part manufacturer.
When should a piston or piston rings be replaced?
A piston or piston ring replacement is generally carried out during an engine overhaul, after a precise mechanical diagnosis. The most common symptoms are:
Blue smoke from the exhaust: oil rises into the combustion chamber, often due to worn or stuck piston rings.
High oil consumption: a worn piston, piston ring set or liner no longer ensures proper sealing.
Loss of compression: values below workshop manual recommendations indicate internal wear that must be checked.
Difficult starting: insufficient compression can make cold starting difficult, especially on a marine diesel engine.
Persistent black smoke: if the injection system is correct, poor compression can cause incomplete combustion.
Scoring, seizure or heat marks: a marked piston or scored cylinder requires a full bore inspection.
Which parts should be replaced at the same time?
During work on pistons, it is recommended to replace or check several associated parts. A poorly prepared partial overhaul can greatly reduce engine service life.
Piston rings: always fit new rings with a new piston or during cylinder overhaul.
Piston pin and circlips: to be checked or replaced depending on condition, in order to avoid play and mechanical noise.
Liner or cylinder: check the bore, ovality, scoring and surface condition before reassembly.
Connecting rod bearings: to be checked when dismantling the rotating assembly.
Cylinder head gasket: must be replaced systematically after removing the cylinder head.
Valves and seats: to be checked, as a burnt or poorly sealed valve can cause a similar loss of compression.
Common Yanmar references
The references below are provided for information only. Compatibility must always be confirmed with the engine serial number, manufacturer documentation or the OEM reference of the original part.
Engine series
Indicative OEM references
Possible sizes
1GM / 1GM10
121000-22500 / 172100-22400
STD depending on version
2GM20 / 2GM20F
124200-22300 / 124200-22091
STD depending on version
3GM30 / 3HM35
128370-22300
STD depending on version
JH series and other Yanmar engines
To be confirmed by serial number
STD / +0.25 / +0.50 depending on engine
Ordering your Yanmar Marine pistons correctly
To avoid any mistake, note the exact engine model, its serial number, the current cylinder size and the OEM reference of the removed part. If the engine has already been rebored, never order a standard piston without prior measurement.
We offer pistons, rings, pins, gaskets, liners and internal parts for Yanmar Marine engines. To confirm compatibility, contact us with the complete information for your engine.
Discover our selection of pistons and internal parts to restore compression, reliability and performance to your Yanmar Marine engine.